青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流变化规律及其与气象因子的关系

运用Granier热扩散式探针(TDP)法对青海大通黄土高寒区主要针叶树种青海云杉Picea crassifolia和华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii夏季边材液流变化规律进行连续观测,利用自动气象站对周围气象因子太阳辐射(R_s)、空气温度(T_a)、空气相对湿度(R_H)和风速(W_s)进行同步观测,并对气象因子与青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流通量(F_s)的相关性进行分析.结果表明:(1)边材面积(A_s)与胸径(D_(BH))存在较高的相关性,两者可以用幂函数很好地拟合.(2)青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流速率(V_s)变化规律主体表现一致,晴天变化幅度最大,阴雨天变化幅度最小.(3)华北落叶松边材液流通量(F_s)仅为0.75 kg·h~(-1),而青海云杉高达1.84kg·h~(-1),为华北落叶松的2.4倍;青海云杉日耗水量(W)在9.56～37.14 kg·d~(-1)之间,而华北落叶松日耗水量W在5.61～14.25kg·d~(-1)之间.(4)青海云杉、华北落叶松F_s与气象因子关系密切.但气象因子的作用过程表现复杂.复相关分析表明:青海云杉、华北落叶松F_s与R_s、T_a、W_s之间呈极显著正相关,与相对湿度R_H呈极显著负相关.按相关程度排序为:R_s＞T_a＞R_H＞W_s.     

猪附红细胞体的形态学观察

对感染附红细胞体临床症状典型的10头猪的10个样品分别进行新鲜血液压片、瑞氏染色、姬姆萨染色镜检,进而对其电镜扫描进行形态学观察.结果表明,大小不等的链球状、卵圆形、杆状的附红细胞体单一或成团寄生在红细胞表面,使红细胞膜表面出现皱褶、突起、凹陷,红细胞失去球形立体形态,有的呈齿轮状或星芒状,有的呈不规则的多边形,红细胞结构和功能均发生了改变.     

杜鹃属植物孢粉学特性种内变异研究

[目的]探究杜鹃属植物孢粉学特性种内变异情况。[方法]利用电子显微镜对四川西南山区不同区域采集的6种野生杜鹃共计15个花粉样本进行观察比较。[结果]杜鹃种内不同样本间单粒花粉形态、外壁颗粒大小及形状、四合体缝深浅、裂纹形态等性状上均表现出明显的一致性,并不因生长地域的变化和生态环境的差异而改变;四合体直径、萌发孔长宽在样本内变异幅度较大,极差达均值的25%以上;在种内不同样本间,四合体直径和萌发孔长宽差异多数达到显著或极显著水平。[结论]杜鹃花粉四合体大小和萌发孔长宽不像外壁纹饰那样稳定,在样本内往往会出现较大变异,在同种不同样本间出现显著或极显著差异,因此这些孢粉学性状不宜作为杜鹃分类的主要指标。     

鲫鱼肝组织细胞核电镜图像三维重建的研究

[目的]将电镜三维重建技术引进到水产学和水生生物学研究领域。[方法]利用连续超薄切片电子显微镜技术对正常状态下鲫鱼肝组织细胞核超微结构的进行观察和连续拍照,并利用计算机三维重建技术对连续拍照的图片进行三维重建。[结果]使用Recon—struct软件,成功地对基于连续超薄切片的鲫鱼肝细胞核电镜图像进行了三维重建。[结论]使用电镜三维重建技术进行细胞超微结构的三维重建是可行的。     

蕉斑镰刀菌32-6菌株侵染空心莲子草的组织病理观察

将蕉斑镰刀菌32-6菌株的分生孢子液接种到空心莲子草叶片上表面,在扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察了蕉斑镰刀菌32-6菌株分生孢子的萌发、侵染过程以及对叶片细胞的作用.结果表明,空心莲子草叶片上的气孔是该菌的主要侵入途径之一.该菌可以通过破坏空心莲子草叶绿体而致病.     

Surface modification of okra bast fiber and its physico-chemical characteristics

The effect of chemical treatment i.e. bleaching, alkalization and graft copolymerization on the morphology changes of okra bast fiber has been investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption and tensile properties measurements. The graft copolymerization reaction of bleached fiber with acrylonitrile monomer (AN) has been carried out under the catalytic influence of K₂S₂O₈ and FeSO₄ redox system. The maximum graft yield (11.43 %) has been found at 70°C temperature, 3×10⁻² mol/l acrylonitrile, 5×10⁻³ mol/l K₂S₂O₈, 5×10⁻³ mol/l FeSO₄ and for 90 min. On the contrary, the fiber has been treated with 10 % NaOH solution, which is much effective to remove the impurities. Based on findings of water absorption, tensile properties and SEM micrograph, the AN-grafted fiber has been showed better properties than bleached and alkali treated fibers. The degree of modification of okra bast fiber by chemical treatment has been evaluated by IR measurement.     

葛仙米表层结构的扫描电子显微镜观察

近年来由于全球气候变化和土壤生态环境改变等原因导致葛仙米产量大大降低。现已有葛仙米室内规模批量培育生产,但室内培养的葛仙米在生长过程中容易发生破裂,且其群体韧性要比野生葛仙米群体弱、其所含蛋白质与维生素含量均比野生葛仙米低。因此,笔者运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察野生葛仙米和室内规模葛仙米表层结构,了解两者的区别,同时为葛仙米表层结构观察找寻新方法。     

Characterization of QoI resistance in Botrytis cinerea and identification of two types of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Botrytis cinerea field isolates collected in Japan were screened for resistance to Qo inhibitor fungicides (QoIs). Of the 198 isolates screened, six grew well on a medium containing azoxystrobin, a QoI, when salicylhydroxamic acid, an alternative oxidase inhibitor, was present. The resistance mutation in the cytochrome b gene ( cytb ) was characterized. All QoI-resistant isolates had the same mutation (GGT to G C T) in cytb that led to the substitution of glycine by alanine at position 143 of cytochrome b , which is known to confer QoI resistance in plant pathogens. To detect this mutation, a hybridization probe assay based on real-time PCR amplification and melting curve analysis was developed. Using DNA samples prepared from aubergines coinfected with QoI-resistant and QoI-sensitive B. cinerea isolates, two similar peak profiles with their corresponding melting temperatures were obtained. This result suggests that QoI-resistant and QoI-sensitive isolates may compete equally in terms of pathogenicity, and the assay may be used to assess the population ratio of mutant and wild-type isolates. However, the hybridization probe did not anneal to PCR products derived from the DNA samples of some QoI-sensitive isolates. Structural analysis of cytb revealed that B. cinerea field isolates could be classified into two groups: one with three introns and the other with an additional intron (Bcbi-143/144 intron) inserted between the 143rd and 144th codons. All 88 isolates possessing the Bcbi-143/144 intron were azoxystrobin-sensitive, suggesting that the QoI-resistant mutation at codon 143 in cytb prevents self-splicing of the Bcbi-143/144 intron, as proposed in some other plant pathogens.     

实时荧光RT-PCR检测香蕉苞片花叶病毒方法的建立

香蕉苞片花叶病毒(Banana bract mosaic virus, BBrMV)是我国对外检疫性有害生物。为防止该有害生物传入我国,根据BBrMV不同分离株外壳蛋白基因(coat protein, CP)的保守序列,设计特异性引物与TaqMan荧光探针,建立了BBrMV的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法检测BBrMV的2个不同来源毒株,均能够得到典型扩增曲线,Ct值分别为26.65和27.52;而马铃薯Y病毒、李属坏死环斑病毒以及桃丛簇花叶病毒等其它毒株则没有典型扩增曲线,也无Ct值。灵敏度比较发现,该方法比普通RT-PCR检测方法的灵敏度提高1000倍,具有快速、灵敏和高特异性的优点,适合对BBrMV的检测。     

驼背鲈鳃丝的光镜、扫描和透射电镜观察

应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对驼背鲈Cromileptes ahivelis鳃丝的组织结构、表面形态特征及鳃小片超微结构进行了观察.结果表明驼背鲈鳃丝和鳃小片的表面结构和超微结构与其他硬骨鱼类的基本相似,鳃丝表面分布有众多规则或不规则的环形微嵴、沟、坑、孔等结构.鳃丝排列紧密,末端膨大;鳃丝呼吸上皮细胞薄,其下具有丰富的毛细血管,胞间具分泌细胞开口.鳃小片表面呈褶皱状、凹凸不平,排列在鳃丝两侧.鳃小片是由上下2层单层呼吸上皮细胞以及把它们撑开的支持细胞所构成,泌氯细胞大量分布在鳃丝、鳃小片上,并有开口通往外界.讨论了驼背鲈鳃结构与功能的密切关系.